Current titles

1983 Licensed in Physiotherapy SAFA (Amsterdam)
1988 Biochemistry and Physiology (Amsterdam)
1989 Postgraduate in Sports-physiotherapy (Mainz)
2015 Master in NLP and Solution Focused Brief Therapy
2017 PhD in Clinical PNI, evolutionary medicine and lifestyle medicine

Clinical Affiliations

1986 – 2005
Owner of private clinic in PNIC

2005 -
Advicer of multiple private and public clinics in CPNI in Europe

Private Projects

2015 –
Consultant of several professional football teams throughout Europe.

1999 – 2002
Director of the development of "Panticosa Resort", a PNI health promoting wellness center.

1999 – 2001
Scientific Director of the "Villarreal CF" project of Clinical PNI in professional soccer.

1991 – 1997
Scientific Director of the "Pamesa CB" project of Clinical PNI in professional Basketbal.

1989 – 1992
Physiotherapist and advisor of the "RFEF" project of Clinical PNI in professional female athletes in sprint.

Most important Publications

Indexed in Pubmed

1. Pruimboom L. Muskiet FAH. Intermittent Living. Med Hypothesis 2018
2. Pruimboom L. Raison C. Muskiet FAJ. The study of origin, Biomed Research 2016
3. Buigues, C., Fernández-Garrido, J., Pruimboom, L., Hoogland, A. J., et al. Effect of a Prebiotic Formulation on Frailty Syndrome: A Randomized, Double-Blind Clinical Trial. Int J Mol Sci 17, (2016).
4. Pruimboom L. Reheis D. Intermittent Drinking. Medical Hypothesis 2016
5. Freese, Jens; Ruiz-Núñez, Begoña; Heynck, Regula; Schwarz, Sebastian; Pruimboom, Leo; Renner, Robert; and Lötzerich, Helmut (2016) "To Restore Health, “Do we Have to Go Back to the Future?” The Impact of a 4-Day Paleolithic Lifestyle Change on Human Metabolism – a Pilot Study.," Journal of Evolution and Health: Vol. 1: Iss. 1, Article 12.
6. Pruimboom L, de Punder K. Gluten is Morphine: Asymptomatic Celiac Disease. Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition (2015) 33:24
7. Kuipers R, Pruimboom L. Short comment on “A review of potential metabolic etiologies of the observed association between red meat consumption and development of type 2 diabetes mellitus”, by Yoona Kim, Jennifer Keogh,
8. Peter Clifton. Metabolism clinical and experimental (2015)
9. Pruimboom L. The multiple faces of the human immune system. PhD dissertation 2017
10. Punder K, Pruimboom L. Stress induces endotoxemia and low-grade inflammation by increasing barrier permeability. Front. Immunol. 6:223. (2015)
11. Pruimboom L, Raison C, Muskiet FAJ. Physical Activity Protects the Human Brain against Metabolic Stress Induced by a Postprandial and Chronic Inflammation. Hindawi Publishing Corporation. Behavioural Neurology Volume 2015, Article ID 569869, 11 pages
12. Ruiz-Núñez, B., Pruimboom, L., Dijck-Brouwer, D. A. & Muskiet, F. A. Lifestyle and nutritional imbalances associated with Western diseases: causes and consequences of chronic systemic low-grade inflammation in an evolutionary context. J Nutr Biochem 24, 1183-1201 (2013)”.
13. Pruimboom, L. Physical inactivity is a disease synonymous for a non-permissive brain disorder. Med Hypotheses 77, 708-713 (2011)”.
14. Punder, K. & Pruimboom, L. The dietary intake of wheat and other cereal grains and their role in inflammation. Nutrients 5, 771-787 (2013)”
15. Pruimboom, L., Fox, T. & Muskiet, F. A. Lactase persistence and augmented salivary alpha-amylase gene copy numbers might have been selected by the combined toxic effects of gluten and (food born) pathogens. Med Hypotheses (2014)”
16. Pruimboom L, Dam B van. Chronic Pain: “A non-use disease”. Medical Hypotheses (2007) 68, 506–511.
17. Pruimboom L. Dam B van. Treatment of osteoporosis by activation of endogenous physiological regenerative capacities. Sportverletz Sportschaden. 1997 Mar;11(1):XVII-XVIII.
18. Pruimboom L. La necesidad del entrenamiento contra-lateral. RED VII-1 (1993)
19. Pruimboom L. El pie y su lugar en el deporte. Nuevo sistema de diagnostico y entrenamiento. Revista de entrenamiento deportivo, 5 (3), 7-12 (1991)

Not indexed in Pubmed

1. Pruimboom L. De pijnneuromatrix. Van Nature nr. 0, okt. 2005, pag. 30-33
2. Pruimboom L. Curcumine en de strijd tegen anorexia. Van Nature nr. 0, okt. 2005, pag. 35
3. Pruimboom L. Vitamine D, vitamine A en DHA, to restore health we have to go back to the future. Van Nature nr. 1, 2006; pag. 30-32
4. Pruimboom L. U bent niet moe, u heeft dorst. Van Nature nr. 2, 2006, pag. 40-45
5. Dam van B, Pruimboom L. Pijn en het maagdarmkanaal, chronische pijn als consequentie van een functionele darmstoornis. Van Nature nr. 3, 2006, pag. 51-54
6. Pruimboom L. Neurotraining, een holistische kijk op sport. Van Nature nr. 4, 2007, pag. 26-29
7. Pruimboom L. The origin of species; enzymatische veroudering, het ultieme concept. Van Nature nr. 5, 2007, pag. 41-45
8. Dam van B, Pruimboom L, Vargas D, et al. Foetale programmering, stoornissen van de HPA-as en ziekte bij de volwassene. Van Nature nr. 6, 2007, pag. 41-44
9. Pruimboom L. Voedingsfilofosie: het zoekende kind. Van Nature nr. 7, 2007/2008, pag. 34-37
10. Pruimboom L. De ‘brain-heart-brain’verbinding. Van Nature nr 8., 2008, pag. 47-51
11. Pruimboom L. Het overleven van de dikste. Van Nature nr. 9, 2008, pag. 52-54
12. Pruimboom L. The non-permissive brain; een klinisch concept voor mentale stoornissen. Van Nature nr. 10, 2008, pag. 39-42
13. Pruimboom L. De evolutionaire oorsprong van ontsteking. Van Nature nr.12, 2009, pag. 35-37
14. Pruimboom L. Decision making in uncertain times. Van Nature nr. 13, 2009, pag. 39-43.
15. Van Dam B. y Pruimboom L. Un nuevo test en tenis. Revista de Entrenamiento Deportivo. 1992; Vol. VI.

University teacher and head of education (director) in masters

1995
Master in Topsport, INEF de la Coruña, España

2006 - 2010
Postgraduate in psico-neuro-inmunologia, Universidad Europea de Madrid, España

2004 - 2006
Master in sports-phisioterapia, Facultade de Motricidade Humana, Lisboa, Portugal

2004 - 2012
Posgradate in psico-neuro-inmunologia, Universidad de Gerona

2006 - 2011
Master in Natural Medicine, Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, España

2006 – 2012
Director of Master in Clinical PNI, Universidad de Gerona and Graz

1987 -
Head of Education, and Head Teacher of CPNI, Natura Foundation, AEP Europe

2019 -
Owner and scientific director PNI Europe

Journal reviewer

Medical Hypothesis, Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, Vitamins and Trace Elements, Annual Research & Review in Biology, BioMed Research International, International Neuropsychiatric Disease Journal